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By linking an energetically unfavorable group transfer reaction with a thermodynamically favorable reaction, such as the hydrolysis of ATP, a new coupled reaction can be generated whose net overall change in free energy favors biopolymer synthesis. Web icon An illustration of a computer application window Wayback Machine Texts icon An illustration of an open book. Physiologic buffers include bicarbonate, orthophosphate, and proteins. Systems biology is also burgeoning.